Nyaan's Library

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:heavy_check_mark: verify/verify-unit-test/arbitrary-modint.test.cpp

Depends on

Code

#define PROBLEM "https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/aplusb"
//
#include "../../template/template.hpp"
//
#include "../../atcoder/internal_math.hpp"
#include "../../misc/rng.hpp"
#include "../../modint/arbitrary-modint.hpp"
#include "../../modint/arbitrary-montgomery-modint.hpp"
using namespace Nyaan;

template <typename mint>
void test(int mod, int testcases) {
  assert(0 < mod and mod <= (1 << 30) - 1);
  mint::set_mod(mod);

  rep(t, testcases) {
    int a = randint(0, mod);
    if (rng() % 10 == 0) a = (mod - 1) % mod;
    if (rng() % 10 == 0) a = 0;
    mint A = a;
    assert(A.get() == a);

    int b = randint(0, mod);
    if (rng() % 10 == 0) b = (mod - 1) % mod;
    if (rng() % 10 == 0) b = 0;
    mint B = b;
    assert(B.get() == b);

    int c = (a + b) % mod;
    mint C = A + B;
    assert(C.get() == c);

    int d = (a + mod - b) % mod;
    mint D = A - B;
    assert(D.get() == d);

    int e = (1LL * a * b) % mod;
    mint E = A * B;
    assert(E.get() == e);

    // 逆元 : f * g = 1
    int f, g = -1;
    do {
      f = randint(0, mod);
      auto [gc, invf] = atcoder::internal::inv_gcd(f, mod);
      g = invf;
    } while (1LL * f * g % mod != 1LL % mod);
    mint F = f;
    mint G = F.inverse();
    assert(F.get() == f);
    assert(G.get() == g);
    assert(F * G == 1);

    int h = 1LL * e * g % mod;
    mint H = E / F;
    assert(H.get() == h);

    int i = randint(0, mod);
    if (rng() % 10 == 0) i = (mod - 1) % mod;
    if (rng() % 10 == 0) i = 0;
    long long ex = randint(0, TEN(18));
    if (rng() % 10 == 0) ex = randint(0, 2);
    int j = 1 % mod;
    {
      int i2 = i;
      long long e2 = ex;
      while (e2) {
        if (e2 & 1) j = 1LL * j * i2 % mod;
        i2 = 1LL * i2 * i2 % mod;
        e2 >>= 1;
      }
    }
    mint I = i;
    mint J = I.pow(ex);
    assert(I.get() == i);
    assert(J.get() == j);

    int k = (mod - a) % mod;
    mint K = -A;
    assert(K.get() == k);
  }
}

void test_wrapper(int mod, int testcases) {
  using mint1 = ArbitraryModInt;
  using mint2 = ArbitraryLazyMontgomeryModInt<96229631>;

  test<mint1>(mod, testcases);
  if (mod % 2 == 1) test<mint2>(mod, testcases);
}

void test_all() {
  {
    using mint3 = ArbitraryModIntBase<0>;
    using mint5 = ArbitraryModIntBase<1>;
    mint3::set_mod(3);
    mint5::set_mod(5);
    assert(mint3::get_mod() == 3);
    assert(mint5::get_mod() == 5);
  }

  {
    using mint3 = ArbitraryLazyMontgomeryModInt<0>;
    using mint5 = ArbitraryLazyMontgomeryModInt<1>;
    mint3::set_mod(3);
    mint5::set_mod(5);
    assert(mint3::get_mod() == 3);
    assert(mint5::get_mod() == 5);
  }

  int mod_max = (1LL << 30) - 1;
  rep1(m, 10) test_wrapper(m, 10000);
  test_wrapper(998244353, 10000);
  test_wrapper(1000000007, 10000);
  rep(t, 10) { test_wrapper(mod_max - t, 10000); }
  rep(t, 1000) {
    int mod = randint(1, mod_max + 1);
    test_wrapper(mod, 1000);
  }
  cerr << "OK" << endl;
}

void Nyaan::solve() {
  test_all();
  int a, b;
  cin >> a >> b;
  cout << a + b << "\n";
}
#line 1 "verify/verify-unit-test/arbitrary-modint.test.cpp"
#define PROBLEM "https://judge.yosupo.jp/problem/aplusb"
//
#line 2 "template/template.hpp"
using namespace std;

// intrinstic
#include <immintrin.h>

#include <algorithm>
#include <array>
#include <bitset>
#include <cassert>
#include <cctype>
#include <cfenv>
#include <cfloat>
#include <chrono>
#include <cinttypes>
#include <climits>
#include <cmath>
#include <complex>
#include <cstdarg>
#include <cstddef>
#include <cstdint>
#include <cstdio>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <cstring>
#include <deque>
#include <fstream>
#include <functional>
#include <initializer_list>
#include <iomanip>
#include <ios>
#include <iostream>
#include <istream>
#include <iterator>
#include <limits>
#include <list>
#include <map>
#include <memory>
#include <new>
#include <numeric>
#include <ostream>
#include <queue>
#include <random>
#include <set>
#include <sstream>
#include <stack>
#include <streambuf>
#include <string>
#include <tuple>
#include <type_traits>
#include <typeinfo>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <unordered_set>
#include <utility>
#include <vector>

// utility
#line 1 "template/util.hpp"
namespace Nyaan {
using ll = long long;
using i64 = long long;
using u64 = unsigned long long;
using i128 = __int128_t;
using u128 = __uint128_t;

template <typename T>
using V = vector<T>;
template <typename T>
using VV = vector<vector<T>>;
using vi = vector<int>;
using vl = vector<long long>;
using vd = V<double>;
using vs = V<string>;
using vvi = vector<vector<int>>;
using vvl = vector<vector<long long>>;
template <typename T>
using minpq = priority_queue<T, vector<T>, greater<T>>;

template <typename T, typename U>
struct P : pair<T, U> {
  template <typename... Args>
  P(Args... args) : pair<T, U>(args...) {}

  using pair<T, U>::first;
  using pair<T, U>::second;

  P &operator+=(const P &r) {
    first += r.first;
    second += r.second;
    return *this;
  }
  P &operator-=(const P &r) {
    first -= r.first;
    second -= r.second;
    return *this;
  }
  P &operator*=(const P &r) {
    first *= r.first;
    second *= r.second;
    return *this;
  }
  template <typename S>
  P &operator*=(const S &r) {
    first *= r, second *= r;
    return *this;
  }
  P operator+(const P &r) const { return P(*this) += r; }
  P operator-(const P &r) const { return P(*this) -= r; }
  P operator*(const P &r) const { return P(*this) *= r; }
  template <typename S>
  P operator*(const S &r) const {
    return P(*this) *= r;
  }
  P operator-() const { return P{-first, -second}; }
};

using pl = P<ll, ll>;
using pi = P<int, int>;
using vp = V<pl>;

constexpr int inf = 1001001001;
constexpr long long infLL = 4004004004004004004LL;

template <typename T>
int sz(const T &t) {
  return t.size();
}

template <typename T, typename U>
inline bool amin(T &x, U y) {
  return (y < x) ? (x = y, true) : false;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
inline bool amax(T &x, U y) {
  return (x < y) ? (x = y, true) : false;
}

template <typename T>
inline T Max(const vector<T> &v) {
  return *max_element(begin(v), end(v));
}
template <typename T>
inline T Min(const vector<T> &v) {
  return *min_element(begin(v), end(v));
}
template <typename T>
inline long long Sum(const vector<T> &v) {
  return accumulate(begin(v), end(v), 0LL);
}

template <typename T>
int lb(const vector<T> &v, const T &a) {
  return lower_bound(begin(v), end(v), a) - begin(v);
}
template <typename T>
int ub(const vector<T> &v, const T &a) {
  return upper_bound(begin(v), end(v), a) - begin(v);
}

constexpr long long TEN(int n) {
  long long ret = 1, x = 10;
  for (; n; x *= x, n >>= 1) ret *= (n & 1 ? x : 1);
  return ret;
}

template <typename T, typename U>
pair<T, U> mkp(const T &t, const U &u) {
  return make_pair(t, u);
}

template <typename T>
vector<T> mkrui(const vector<T> &v, bool rev = false) {
  vector<T> ret(v.size() + 1);
  if (rev) {
    for (int i = int(v.size()) - 1; i >= 0; i--) ret[i] = v[i] + ret[i + 1];
  } else {
    for (int i = 0; i < int(v.size()); i++) ret[i + 1] = ret[i] + v[i];
  }
  return ret;
};

template <typename T>
vector<T> mkuni(const vector<T> &v) {
  vector<T> ret(v);
  sort(ret.begin(), ret.end());
  ret.erase(unique(ret.begin(), ret.end()), ret.end());
  return ret;
}

template <typename F>
vector<int> mkord(int N, F f) {
  vector<int> ord(N);
  iota(begin(ord), end(ord), 0);
  sort(begin(ord), end(ord), f);
  return ord;
}

template <typename T>
vector<int> mkinv(vector<T> &v) {
  int max_val = *max_element(begin(v), end(v));
  vector<int> inv(max_val + 1, -1);
  for (int i = 0; i < (int)v.size(); i++) inv[v[i]] = i;
  return inv;
}

vector<int> mkiota(int n) {
  vector<int> ret(n);
  iota(begin(ret), end(ret), 0);
  return ret;
}

template <typename T>
T mkrev(const T &v) {
  T w{v};
  reverse(begin(w), end(w));
  return w;
}

template <typename T>
bool nxp(vector<T> &v) {
  return next_permutation(begin(v), end(v));
}

// 返り値の型は入力の T に依存
// i 要素目 : [0, a[i])
template <typename T>
vector<vector<T>> product(const vector<T> &a) {
  vector<vector<T>> ret;
  vector<T> v;
  auto dfs = [&](auto rc, int i) -> void {
    if (i == (int)a.size()) {
      ret.push_back(v);
      return;
    }
    for (int j = 0; j < a[i]; j++) v.push_back(j), rc(rc, i + 1), v.pop_back();
  };
  dfs(dfs, 0);
  return ret;
}

// F : function(void(T&)), mod を取る操作
// T : 整数型のときはオーバーフローに注意する
template <typename T>
T Power(T a, long long n, const T &I, const function<void(T &)> &f) {
  T res = I;
  for (; n; f(a = a * a), n >>= 1) {
    if (n & 1) f(res = res * a);
  }
  return res;
}
// T : 整数型のときはオーバーフローに注意する
template <typename T>
T Power(T a, long long n, const T &I) {
  return Power(a, n, I, function<void(T &)>{[](T &) -> void {}});
}

}  // namespace Nyaan
#line 58 "template/template.hpp"

// bit operation
#line 1 "template/bitop.hpp"
namespace Nyaan {
__attribute__((target("popcnt"))) inline int popcnt(const u64 &a) {
  return _mm_popcnt_u64(a);
}
inline int lsb(const u64 &a) { return a ? __builtin_ctzll(a) : 64; }
inline int ctz(const u64 &a) { return a ? __builtin_ctzll(a) : 64; }
inline int msb(const u64 &a) { return a ? 63 - __builtin_clzll(a) : -1; }
template <typename T>
inline int gbit(const T &a, int i) {
  return (a >> i) & 1;
}
template <typename T>
inline void sbit(T &a, int i, bool b) {
  if (gbit(a, i) != b) a ^= T(1) << i;
}
constexpr long long PW(int n) { return 1LL << n; }
constexpr long long MSK(int n) { return (1LL << n) - 1; }
}  // namespace Nyaan
#line 61 "template/template.hpp"

// inout
#line 1 "template/inout.hpp"
namespace Nyaan {

template <typename T, typename U>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const pair<T, U> &p) {
  os << p.first << " " << p.second;
  return os;
}
template <typename T, typename U>
istream &operator>>(istream &is, pair<T, U> &p) {
  is >> p.first >> p.second;
  return is;
}

template <typename T>
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const vector<T> &v) {
  int s = (int)v.size();
  for (int i = 0; i < s; i++) os << (i ? " " : "") << v[i];
  return os;
}
template <typename T>
istream &operator>>(istream &is, vector<T> &v) {
  for (auto &x : v) is >> x;
  return is;
}

istream &operator>>(istream &is, __int128_t &x) {
  string S;
  is >> S;
  x = 0;
  int flag = 0;
  for (auto &c : S) {
    if (c == '-') {
      flag = true;
      continue;
    }
    x *= 10;
    x += c - '0';
  }
  if (flag) x = -x;
  return is;
}

istream &operator>>(istream &is, __uint128_t &x) {
  string S;
  is >> S;
  x = 0;
  for (auto &c : S) {
    x *= 10;
    x += c - '0';
  }
  return is;
}

ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, __int128_t x) {
  if (x == 0) return os << 0;
  if (x < 0) os << '-', x = -x;
  string S;
  while (x) S.push_back('0' + x % 10), x /= 10;
  reverse(begin(S), end(S));
  return os << S;
}
ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, __uint128_t x) {
  if (x == 0) return os << 0;
  string S;
  while (x) S.push_back('0' + x % 10), x /= 10;
  reverse(begin(S), end(S));
  return os << S;
}

void in() {}
template <typename T, class... U>
void in(T &t, U &...u) {
  cin >> t;
  in(u...);
}

void out() { cout << "\n"; }
template <typename T, class... U, char sep = ' '>
void out(const T &t, const U &...u) {
  cout << t;
  if (sizeof...(u)) cout << sep;
  out(u...);
}

struct IoSetupNya {
  IoSetupNya() {
    cin.tie(nullptr);
    ios::sync_with_stdio(false);
    cout << fixed << setprecision(15);
    cerr << fixed << setprecision(7);
  }
} iosetupnya;

}  // namespace Nyaan
#line 64 "template/template.hpp"

// debug
#line 1 "template/debug.hpp"
namespace DebugImpl {

template <typename U, typename = void>
struct is_specialize : false_type {};
template <typename U>
struct is_specialize<
    U, typename conditional<false, typename U::iterator, void>::type>
    : true_type {};
template <typename U>
struct is_specialize<
    U, typename conditional<false, decltype(U::first), void>::type>
    : true_type {};
template <typename U>
struct is_specialize<U, enable_if_t<is_integral<U>::value, void>> : true_type {
};

void dump(const char& t) { cerr << t; }

void dump(const string& t) { cerr << t; }

void dump(const bool& t) { cerr << (t ? "true" : "false"); }

void dump(__int128_t t) {
  if (t == 0) cerr << 0;
  if (t < 0) cerr << '-', t = -t;
  string S;
  while (t) S.push_back('0' + t % 10), t /= 10;
  reverse(begin(S), end(S));
  cerr << S;
}

void dump(__uint128_t t) {
  if (t == 0) cerr << 0;
  string S;
  while (t) S.push_back('0' + t % 10), t /= 10;
  reverse(begin(S), end(S));
  cerr << S;
}

template <typename U,
          enable_if_t<!is_specialize<U>::value, nullptr_t> = nullptr>
void dump(const U& t) {
  cerr << t;
}

template <typename T>
void dump(const T& t, enable_if_t<is_integral<T>::value>* = nullptr) {
  string res;
  if (t == Nyaan::inf) res = "inf";
  if constexpr (is_signed<T>::value) {
    if (t == -Nyaan::inf) res = "-inf";
  }
  if constexpr (sizeof(T) == 8) {
    if (t == Nyaan::infLL) res = "inf";
    if constexpr (is_signed<T>::value) {
      if (t == -Nyaan::infLL) res = "-inf";
    }
  }
  if (res.empty()) res = to_string(t);
  cerr << res;
}

template <typename T, typename U>
void dump(const pair<T, U>&);
template <typename T>
void dump(const pair<T*, int>&);

template <typename T>
void dump(const T& t,
          enable_if_t<!is_void<typename T::iterator>::value>* = nullptr) {
  cerr << "[ ";
  for (auto it = t.begin(); it != t.end();) {
    dump(*it);
    cerr << (++it == t.end() ? "" : ", ");
  }
  cerr << " ]";
}

template <typename T, typename U>
void dump(const pair<T, U>& t) {
  cerr << "( ";
  dump(t.first);
  cerr << ", ";
  dump(t.second);
  cerr << " )";
}

template <typename T>
void dump(const pair<T*, int>& t) {
  cerr << "[ ";
  for (int i = 0; i < t.second; i++) {
    dump(t.first[i]);
    cerr << (i == t.second - 1 ? "" : ", ");
  }
  cerr << " ]";
}

void trace() { cerr << endl; }
template <typename Head, typename... Tail>
void trace(Head&& head, Tail&&... tail) {
  cerr << " ";
  dump(head);
  if (sizeof...(tail) != 0) cerr << ",";
  trace(forward<Tail>(tail)...);
}

}  // namespace DebugImpl

#ifdef NyaanDebug
#define trc(...)                            \
  do {                                      \
    cerr << "## " << #__VA_ARGS__ << " = "; \
    DebugImpl::trace(__VA_ARGS__);          \
  } while (0)
#else
#define trc(...) (void(0))
#endif

#ifdef NyaanLocal
#define trc2(...)                           \
  do {                                      \
    cerr << "## " << #__VA_ARGS__ << " = "; \
    DebugImpl::trace(__VA_ARGS__);          \
  } while (0)
#else
#define trc2(...) (void(0))
#endif
#line 67 "template/template.hpp"

// macro
#line 1 "template/macro.hpp"
#define each(x, v) for (auto&& x : v)
#define each2(x, y, v) for (auto&& [x, y] : v)
#define all(v) (v).begin(), (v).end()
#define rep(i, N) for (long long i = 0; i < (long long)(N); i++)
#define repr(i, N) for (long long i = (long long)(N)-1; i >= 0; i--)
#define rep1(i, N) for (long long i = 1; i <= (long long)(N); i++)
#define repr1(i, N) for (long long i = (N); (long long)(i) > 0; i--)
#define reg(i, a, b) for (long long i = (a); i < (b); i++)
#define regr(i, a, b) for (long long i = (b)-1; i >= (a); i--)
#define fi first
#define se second
#define ini(...)   \
  int __VA_ARGS__; \
  in(__VA_ARGS__)
#define inl(...)         \
  long long __VA_ARGS__; \
  in(__VA_ARGS__)
#define ins(...)      \
  string __VA_ARGS__; \
  in(__VA_ARGS__)
#define in2(s, t)                           \
  for (int i = 0; i < (int)s.size(); i++) { \
    in(s[i], t[i]);                         \
  }
#define in3(s, t, u)                        \
  for (int i = 0; i < (int)s.size(); i++) { \
    in(s[i], t[i], u[i]);                   \
  }
#define in4(s, t, u, v)                     \
  for (int i = 0; i < (int)s.size(); i++) { \
    in(s[i], t[i], u[i], v[i]);             \
  }
#define die(...)             \
  do {                       \
    Nyaan::out(__VA_ARGS__); \
    return;                  \
  } while (0)
#line 70 "template/template.hpp"

namespace Nyaan {
void solve();
}
int main() { Nyaan::solve(); }
#line 4 "verify/verify-unit-test/arbitrary-modint.test.cpp"
//
#line 1 "atcoder/internal_math.hpp"



#line 5 "atcoder/internal_math.hpp"

#ifdef _MSC_VER
#include <intrin.h>
#endif

namespace atcoder {

namespace internal {

// @param m `1 <= m`
// @return x mod m
constexpr long long safe_mod(long long x, long long m) {
    x %= m;
    if (x < 0) x += m;
    return x;
}

// Fast modular multiplication by barrett reduction
// Reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrett_reduction
// NOTE: reconsider after Ice Lake
struct barrett {
    unsigned int _m;
    unsigned long long im;

    // @param m `1 <= m < 2^31`
    barrett(unsigned int m) : _m(m), im((unsigned long long)(-1) / m + 1) {}

    // @return m
    unsigned int umod() const { return _m; }

    // @param a `0 <= a < m`
    // @param b `0 <= b < m`
    // @return `a * b % m`
    unsigned int mul(unsigned int a, unsigned int b) const {
        // [1] m = 1
        // a = b = im = 0, so okay

        // [2] m >= 2
        // im = ceil(2^64 / m)
        // -> im * m = 2^64 + r (0 <= r < m)
        // let z = a*b = c*m + d (0 <= c, d < m)
        // a*b * im = (c*m + d) * im = c*(im*m) + d*im = c*2^64 + c*r + d*im
        // c*r + d*im < m * m + m * im < m * m + 2^64 + m <= 2^64 + m * (m + 1) < 2^64 * 2
        // ((ab * im) >> 64) == c or c + 1
        unsigned long long z = a;
        z *= b;
#ifdef _MSC_VER
        unsigned long long x;
        _umul128(z, im, &x);
#else
        unsigned long long x =
            (unsigned long long)(((unsigned __int128)(z)*im) >> 64);
#endif
        unsigned int v = (unsigned int)(z - x * _m);
        if (_m <= v) v += _m;
        return v;
    }
};

// @param n `0 <= n`
// @param m `1 <= m`
// @return `(x ** n) % m`
constexpr long long pow_mod_constexpr(long long x, long long n, int m) {
    if (m == 1) return 0;
    unsigned int _m = (unsigned int)(m);
    unsigned long long r = 1;
    unsigned long long y = safe_mod(x, m);
    while (n) {
        if (n & 1) r = (r * y) % _m;
        y = (y * y) % _m;
        n >>= 1;
    }
    return r;
}

// Reference:
// M. Forisek and J. Jancina,
// Fast Primality Testing for Integers That Fit into a Machine Word
// @param n `0 <= n`
constexpr bool is_prime_constexpr(int n) {
    if (n <= 1) return false;
    if (n == 2 || n == 7 || n == 61) return true;
    if (n % 2 == 0) return false;
    long long d = n - 1;
    while (d % 2 == 0) d /= 2;
    constexpr long long bases[3] = {2, 7, 61};
    for (long long a : bases) {
        long long t = d;
        long long y = pow_mod_constexpr(a, t, n);
        while (t != n - 1 && y != 1 && y != n - 1) {
            y = y * y % n;
            t <<= 1;
        }
        if (y != n - 1 && t % 2 == 0) {
            return false;
        }
    }
    return true;
}
template <int n> constexpr bool is_prime = is_prime_constexpr(n);

// @param b `1 <= b`
// @return pair(g, x) s.t. g = gcd(a, b), xa = g (mod b), 0 <= x < b/g
constexpr std::pair<long long, long long> inv_gcd(long long a, long long b) {
    a = safe_mod(a, b);
    if (a == 0) return {b, 0};

    // Contracts:
    // [1] s - m0 * a = 0 (mod b)
    // [2] t - m1 * a = 0 (mod b)
    // [3] s * |m1| + t * |m0| <= b
    long long s = b, t = a;
    long long m0 = 0, m1 = 1;

    while (t) {
        long long u = s / t;
        s -= t * u;
        m0 -= m1 * u;  // |m1 * u| <= |m1| * s <= b

        // [3]:
        // (s - t * u) * |m1| + t * |m0 - m1 * u|
        // <= s * |m1| - t * u * |m1| + t * (|m0| + |m1| * u)
        // = s * |m1| + t * |m0| <= b

        auto tmp = s;
        s = t;
        t = tmp;
        tmp = m0;
        m0 = m1;
        m1 = tmp;
    }
    // by [3]: |m0| <= b/g
    // by g != b: |m0| < b/g
    if (m0 < 0) m0 += b / s;
    return {s, m0};
}

// Compile time primitive root
// @param m must be prime
// @return primitive root (and minimum in now)
constexpr int primitive_root_constexpr(int m) {
    if (m == 2) return 1;
    if (m == 167772161) return 3;
    if (m == 469762049) return 3;
    if (m == 754974721) return 11;
    if (m == 998244353) return 3;
    int divs[20] = {};
    divs[0] = 2;
    int cnt = 1;
    int x = (m - 1) / 2;
    while (x % 2 == 0) x /= 2;
    for (int i = 3; (long long)(i)*i <= x; i += 2) {
        if (x % i == 0) {
            divs[cnt++] = i;
            while (x % i == 0) {
                x /= i;
            }
        }
    }
    if (x > 1) {
        divs[cnt++] = x;
    }
    for (int g = 2;; g++) {
        bool ok = true;
        for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
            if (pow_mod_constexpr(g, (m - 1) / divs[i], m) == 1) {
                ok = false;
                break;
            }
        }
        if (ok) return g;
    }
}
template <int m> constexpr int primitive_root = primitive_root_constexpr(m);

}  // namespace internal

}  // namespace atcoder


#line 2 "misc/rng.hpp"

#line 2 "internal/internal-seed.hpp"

#line 4 "internal/internal-seed.hpp"
using namespace std;

namespace internal {
unsigned long long non_deterministic_seed() {
  unsigned long long m =
      chrono::duration_cast<chrono::nanoseconds>(
          chrono::high_resolution_clock::now().time_since_epoch())
          .count();
  m ^= 9845834732710364265uLL;
  m ^= m << 24, m ^= m >> 31, m ^= m << 35;
  return m;
}
unsigned long long deterministic_seed() { return 88172645463325252UL; }

// 64 bit の seed 値を生成 (手元では seed 固定)
// 連続で呼び出すと同じ値が何度も返ってくるので注意
// #define RANDOMIZED_SEED するとシードがランダムになる
unsigned long long seed() {
#if defined(NyaanLocal) && !defined(RANDOMIZED_SEED)
  return deterministic_seed();
#else
  return non_deterministic_seed();
#endif
}

}  // namespace internal
#line 4 "misc/rng.hpp"

namespace my_rand {
using i64 = long long;
using u64 = unsigned long long;

// [0, 2^64 - 1)
u64 rng() {
  static u64 _x = internal::seed();
  return _x ^= _x << 7, _x ^= _x >> 9;
}

// [l, r]
i64 rng(i64 l, i64 r) {
  assert(l <= r);
  return l + rng() % u64(r - l + 1);
}

// [l, r)
i64 randint(i64 l, i64 r) {
  assert(l < r);
  return l + rng() % u64(r - l);
}

// choose n numbers from [l, r) without overlapping
vector<i64> randset(i64 l, i64 r, i64 n) {
  assert(l <= r && n <= r - l);
  unordered_set<i64> s;
  for (i64 i = n; i; --i) {
    i64 m = randint(l, r + 1 - i);
    if (s.find(m) != s.end()) m = r - i;
    s.insert(m);
  }
  vector<i64> ret;
  for (auto& x : s) ret.push_back(x);
  return ret;
}

// [0.0, 1.0)
double rnd() { return rng() * 5.42101086242752217004e-20; }
// [l, r)
double rnd(double l, double r) {
  assert(l < r);
  return l + rnd() * (r - l);
}

template <typename T>
void randshf(vector<T>& v) {
  int n = v.size();
  for (int i = 1; i < n; i++) swap(v[i], v[randint(0, i + 1)]);
}

}  // namespace my_rand

using my_rand::randint;
using my_rand::randset;
using my_rand::randshf;
using my_rand::rnd;
using my_rand::rng;
#line 2 "modint/arbitrary-modint.hpp"

#line 2 "modint/barrett-reduction.hpp"

#line 4 "modint/barrett-reduction.hpp"
using namespace std;

struct Barrett {
  using u32 = unsigned int;
  using i64 = long long;
  using u64 = unsigned long long;
  u32 m;
  u64 im;
  Barrett() : m(), im() {}
  Barrett(int n) : m(n), im(u64(-1) / m + 1) {}
  constexpr inline i64 quo(u64 n) {
    u64 x = u64((__uint128_t(n) * im) >> 64);
    u32 r = n - x * m;
    return m <= r ? x - 1 : x;
  }
  constexpr inline i64 rem(u64 n) {
    u64 x = u64((__uint128_t(n) * im) >> 64);
    u32 r = n - x * m;
    return m <= r ? r + m : r;
  }
  constexpr inline pair<i64, int> quorem(u64 n) {
    u64 x = u64((__uint128_t(n) * im) >> 64);
    u32 r = n - x * m;
    if (m <= r) return {x - 1, r + m};
    return {x, r};
  }
  constexpr inline i64 pow(u64 n, i64 p) {
    u32 a = rem(n), r = m == 1 ? 0 : 1;
    while (p) {
      if (p & 1) r = rem(u64(r) * a);
      a = rem(u64(a) * a);
      p >>= 1;
    }
    return r;
  }
};
#line 4 "modint/arbitrary-modint.hpp"

template <int id>
struct ArbitraryModIntBase {
  int x;

  ArbitraryModIntBase() : x(0) {}

  ArbitraryModIntBase(int64_t y) {
    int z = y % get_mod();
    if (z < 0) z += get_mod();
    x = z;
  }

  ArbitraryModIntBase &operator+=(const ArbitraryModIntBase &p) {
    if ((x += p.x) >= get_mod()) x -= get_mod();
    return *this;
  }

  ArbitraryModIntBase &operator-=(const ArbitraryModIntBase &p) {
    if ((x += get_mod() - p.x) >= get_mod()) x -= get_mod();
    return *this;
  }

  ArbitraryModIntBase &operator*=(const ArbitraryModIntBase &p) {
    x = rem((unsigned long long)x * p.x);
    return *this;
  }

  ArbitraryModIntBase &operator/=(const ArbitraryModIntBase &p) {
    *this *= p.inverse();
    return *this;
  }

  ArbitraryModIntBase operator-() const { return ArbitraryModIntBase(-x); }
  ArbitraryModIntBase operator+() const { return *this; }

  ArbitraryModIntBase operator+(const ArbitraryModIntBase &p) const {
    return ArbitraryModIntBase(*this) += p;
  }

  ArbitraryModIntBase operator-(const ArbitraryModIntBase &p) const {
    return ArbitraryModIntBase(*this) -= p;
  }

  ArbitraryModIntBase operator*(const ArbitraryModIntBase &p) const {
    return ArbitraryModIntBase(*this) *= p;
  }

  ArbitraryModIntBase operator/(const ArbitraryModIntBase &p) const {
    return ArbitraryModIntBase(*this) /= p;
  }

  bool operator==(const ArbitraryModIntBase &p) const { return x == p.x; }

  bool operator!=(const ArbitraryModIntBase &p) const { return x != p.x; }

  ArbitraryModIntBase inverse() const {
    int a = x, b = get_mod(), u = 1, v = 0, t;
    while (b > 0) {
      t = a / b;
      swap(a -= t * b, b);
      swap(u -= t * v, v);
    }
    return ArbitraryModIntBase(u);
  }

  ArbitraryModIntBase pow(int64_t n) const {
    ArbitraryModIntBase ret(1), mul(x);
    while (n > 0) {
      if (n & 1) ret *= mul;
      mul *= mul;
      n >>= 1;
    }
    return ret;
  }

  friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const ArbitraryModIntBase &p) {
    return os << p.x;
  }

  friend istream &operator>>(istream &is, ArbitraryModIntBase &a) {
    int64_t t;
    is >> t;
    a = ArbitraryModIntBase(t);
    return (is);
  }

  int get() const { return x; }

  inline unsigned int rem(unsigned long long p) { return barrett().rem(p); }

  static inline Barrett &barrett() {
    static Barrett b;
    return b;
  }

  static inline int &get_mod() {
    static int mod = 0;
    return mod;
  }

  static void set_mod(int md) {
    assert(0 < md && md <= (1LL << 30) - 1);
    get_mod() = md;
    barrett() = Barrett(md);
  }
};

using ArbitraryModInt = ArbitraryModIntBase<-1>;

/**
 * @brief modint (2^{30} 未満の任意 mod 用)
 */
#line 2 "modint/arbitrary-montgomery-modint.hpp"

#line 4 "modint/arbitrary-montgomery-modint.hpp"
using namespace std;

template <typename Int, typename UInt, typename Long, typename ULong, int id>
struct ArbitraryLazyMontgomeryModIntBase {
  using mint = ArbitraryLazyMontgomeryModIntBase;

  inline static UInt mod;
  inline static UInt r;
  inline static UInt n2;
  static constexpr int bit_length = sizeof(UInt) * 8;

  static UInt get_r() {
    UInt ret = mod;
    while (mod * ret != 1) ret *= UInt(2) - mod * ret;
    return ret;
  }
  static void set_mod(UInt m) {
    assert(m < (UInt(1u) << (bit_length - 2)));
    assert((m & 1) == 1);
    mod = m, n2 = -ULong(m) % m, r = get_r();
  }
  UInt a;

  ArbitraryLazyMontgomeryModIntBase() : a(0) {}
  ArbitraryLazyMontgomeryModIntBase(const Long &b)
      : a(reduce(ULong(b % mod + mod) * n2)){};

  static UInt reduce(const ULong &b) {
    return (b + ULong(UInt(b) * UInt(-r)) * mod) >> bit_length;
  }

  mint &operator+=(const mint &b) {
    if (Int(a += b.a - 2 * mod) < 0) a += 2 * mod;
    return *this;
  }
  mint &operator-=(const mint &b) {
    if (Int(a -= b.a) < 0) a += 2 * mod;
    return *this;
  }
  mint &operator*=(const mint &b) {
    a = reduce(ULong(a) * b.a);
    return *this;
  }
  mint &operator/=(const mint &b) {
    *this *= b.inverse();
    return *this;
  }

  mint operator+(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) += b; }
  mint operator-(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) -= b; }
  mint operator*(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) *= b; }
  mint operator/(const mint &b) const { return mint(*this) /= b; }

  bool operator==(const mint &b) const {
    return (a >= mod ? a - mod : a) == (b.a >= mod ? b.a - mod : b.a);
  }
  bool operator!=(const mint &b) const {
    return (a >= mod ? a - mod : a) != (b.a >= mod ? b.a - mod : b.a);
  }
  mint operator-() const { return mint(0) - mint(*this); }
  mint operator+() const { return mint(*this); }

  mint pow(ULong n) const {
    mint ret(1), mul(*this);
    while (n > 0) {
      if (n & 1) ret *= mul;
      mul *= mul, n >>= 1;
    }
    return ret;
  }

  friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const mint &b) {
    return os << b.get();
  }

  friend istream &operator>>(istream &is, mint &b) {
    Long t;
    is >> t;
    b = ArbitraryLazyMontgomeryModIntBase(t);
    return (is);
  }

  mint inverse() const {
    Int x = get(), y = get_mod(), u = 1, v = 0;
    while (y > 0) {
      Int t = x / y;
      swap(x -= t * y, y);
      swap(u -= t * v, v);
    }
    return mint{u};
  }

  UInt get() const {
    UInt ret = reduce(a);
    return ret >= mod ? ret - mod : ret;
  }

  static UInt get_mod() { return mod; }
};

// id に適当な乱数を割り当てて使う
template <int id>
using ArbitraryLazyMontgomeryModInt =
    ArbitraryLazyMontgomeryModIntBase<int, unsigned int, long long,
                                      unsigned long long, id>;
template <int id>
using ArbitraryLazyMontgomeryModInt64bit =
    ArbitraryLazyMontgomeryModIntBase<long long, unsigned long long, __int128_t,
                                      __uint128_t, id>;
#line 9 "verify/verify-unit-test/arbitrary-modint.test.cpp"
using namespace Nyaan;

template <typename mint>
void test(int mod, int testcases) {
  assert(0 < mod and mod <= (1 << 30) - 1);
  mint::set_mod(mod);

  rep(t, testcases) {
    int a = randint(0, mod);
    if (rng() % 10 == 0) a = (mod - 1) % mod;
    if (rng() % 10 == 0) a = 0;
    mint A = a;
    assert(A.get() == a);

    int b = randint(0, mod);
    if (rng() % 10 == 0) b = (mod - 1) % mod;
    if (rng() % 10 == 0) b = 0;
    mint B = b;
    assert(B.get() == b);

    int c = (a + b) % mod;
    mint C = A + B;
    assert(C.get() == c);

    int d = (a + mod - b) % mod;
    mint D = A - B;
    assert(D.get() == d);

    int e = (1LL * a * b) % mod;
    mint E = A * B;
    assert(E.get() == e);

    // 逆元 : f * g = 1
    int f, g = -1;
    do {
      f = randint(0, mod);
      auto [gc, invf] = atcoder::internal::inv_gcd(f, mod);
      g = invf;
    } while (1LL * f * g % mod != 1LL % mod);
    mint F = f;
    mint G = F.inverse();
    assert(F.get() == f);
    assert(G.get() == g);
    assert(F * G == 1);

    int h = 1LL * e * g % mod;
    mint H = E / F;
    assert(H.get() == h);

    int i = randint(0, mod);
    if (rng() % 10 == 0) i = (mod - 1) % mod;
    if (rng() % 10 == 0) i = 0;
    long long ex = randint(0, TEN(18));
    if (rng() % 10 == 0) ex = randint(0, 2);
    int j = 1 % mod;
    {
      int i2 = i;
      long long e2 = ex;
      while (e2) {
        if (e2 & 1) j = 1LL * j * i2 % mod;
        i2 = 1LL * i2 * i2 % mod;
        e2 >>= 1;
      }
    }
    mint I = i;
    mint J = I.pow(ex);
    assert(I.get() == i);
    assert(J.get() == j);

    int k = (mod - a) % mod;
    mint K = -A;
    assert(K.get() == k);
  }
}

void test_wrapper(int mod, int testcases) {
  using mint1 = ArbitraryModInt;
  using mint2 = ArbitraryLazyMontgomeryModInt<96229631>;

  test<mint1>(mod, testcases);
  if (mod % 2 == 1) test<mint2>(mod, testcases);
}

void test_all() {
  {
    using mint3 = ArbitraryModIntBase<0>;
    using mint5 = ArbitraryModIntBase<1>;
    mint3::set_mod(3);
    mint5::set_mod(5);
    assert(mint3::get_mod() == 3);
    assert(mint5::get_mod() == 5);
  }

  {
    using mint3 = ArbitraryLazyMontgomeryModInt<0>;
    using mint5 = ArbitraryLazyMontgomeryModInt<1>;
    mint3::set_mod(3);
    mint5::set_mod(5);
    assert(mint3::get_mod() == 3);
    assert(mint5::get_mod() == 5);
  }

  int mod_max = (1LL << 30) - 1;
  rep1(m, 10) test_wrapper(m, 10000);
  test_wrapper(998244353, 10000);
  test_wrapper(1000000007, 10000);
  rep(t, 10) { test_wrapper(mod_max - t, 10000); }
  rep(t, 1000) {
    int mod = randint(1, mod_max + 1);
    test_wrapper(mod, 1000);
  }
  cerr << "OK" << endl;
}

void Nyaan::solve() {
  test_all();
  int a, b;
  cin >> a >> b;
  cout << a + b << "\n";
}
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